Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the elements of culture public school superintendents perceive to be most important in creating and sustaining successful organizations in times of crisis. In addition, it was the purpose of this study to identify and describe the leadership strategies superintendents use to create and sustain organizational culture in times of crisis. Methodology. The subjects of this study were K-12 California superintendents from elementary, high, and unified school districts. Fifty-five superintendents agreed to participate in the quantitative electronic survey. Five superintendents participated in the qualitative follow-up telephone interview. This study was a descriptive mixed-methods design. Findings. An examination of the quantitative and qualitative data indicated that superintendents believe values and vision are the most important elements of organizational culture in creating and sustaining successful organizations in times of crisis. In addition, superintendents believe empowering others to high levels of performance is the most important strategy they use to create and sustain organizational culture in times of crisis. Conclusions. Superintendents need to pay attention to the organizational culture within their district at all times, especially during times of crisis. If no other elements are implemented, they need to ensure shared values and a common vision for the future are well established and considered in all decision making. Superintendents need to create an environment where staff is empowered to reach high levels of performance and free to work in an innovative environment, take risks, and make necessary changes to increase productivity. Recommendations: Superintendents must be required by their governing school board to maintain and communicate clearly the values and vision of the district to all stakeholders within the school community. In addition, superintendents must be provided adequate professional development to ensure a deep understanding of the foundation and elements of organizational culture. Further research needs to be conducted on the impact of organizational culture and student performance in California K-12 schools.