Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was threefold: to examine the factors that influence the underrepresentation of Latinos as superintendents in California, to examine the factors that influence Latinos in attaining the position of superintendent, and to determine the extent to which Latino superintendents represent the interest of Latino students. Latino superintendents were given the opportunity to share their experiences and express their views about the factors that affected their education and the course of their careers. Theoretical framework. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the research foundations of: Bureaucratic Theory, Representative Bureaucracy Theory, Human and Social Capital Theories, and Critical Race Theory. Methodology. A cross-sectional design was used to explore and explain the factors that affect Latinos academically and professionally. The research entailed 21 in-depth interviews of Latino superintendents in California. Major findings. The examination of qualitative data suggests that Latinos face a series of socioeconomic and cultural barriers that impact their pursuit of higher education and the attainment of the superintendent position. Mentoring and parental involvement help future Latino superintendents overcome these barriers. Latino superintendents are more likely to represent the needs of Latino students and can better relate to their experiences, but there are expectations by school boards and educational professionals that they continue to serve primarily Latino districts. Conclusions and recommendations. The data support the conclusion that human and social capital factors contributed to the educational and professional success of current Latino superintendents. Significant barriers remain related to culture and perceptions about the type of districts where Latino superintendents can successfully serve. Ethnic diversity in educational organizations is beneficial to an ethnically diverse student body, supporting Representative Bureaucracy Theories. Studies on the effects of racism and prejudice on Latino superintendents are recommended. More detailed studies on the influence of mentoring on Latino students are also recommended.