Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the livedexperiences of mid-level administrators within private universities, with particular
emphasis on how they navigate the dual dimensional roles of leadership and followership
within complex organizational structures. This study seeks to identify the core aspects of
the lived experiences of mid-level administrators and to enhance understanding of how
mid-level leaders navigate their roles, responsibilities, and professional identities in this
paradoxical role.
Theoretical Framework. This study is grounded in two complementary theoretical
frameworks: transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985; Burns, 1978) and
followership theory (Kelley, 1992). Together, these frameworks provide a lens for
understanding the dual nature of mid-level management, where individuals
simultaneously lead teams while following institutional direction, navigating the inherent
tensions occupying both roles within complex organizational structures.
Methodology. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to analyze the lived
experiences of seven mid-level administrators within higher education with at least 3
years of experience in the field. Participants were selected purposefully, and data were
collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews to gain valuable insights into
their experiences as both leaders and followers.
Findings and Conclusion. Four key themes related to mid-level manager roles as leaders
and followers emerged: (a) caught in the middle, (b) leading complex teams, (c)
followership in practice, and (d) learning to lead and follow. The review of interview
transcripts led to 84 codes, all supported by participant narratives, illustrating the
essential role of the mid-level manager to institutions of higher education.
Recommendations. This study highlights the importance of professional development,
leadership training and development, and added resources and support for mid-level
managers. Future research should expand these themes through diverse methodologies to
further understand the complexity of the mid-