Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify teacher empowerment strategies used by principals with Generation X and non-Generation X elementary school teachers and to what extent each group of teachers feels empowered by those strategies. Methodology. The descriptive research was based on data collected from 233 elementary school teachers consisting of 125 Generation X and 108 non-Generation X teachers, using a survey based on Maeroff's principles of teacher empowerment: status as professionals; knowledge in the field; and access to power. A parametric two-sample t-test and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for differences was used to analyze the data. Findings. Generation X reported a moderate amount of opportunity and satisfaction regarding participation in empowerment activities, outcomes, and behaviors. Generation X felt the least amount of empowerment in the area of decision making and recognition. Non-Generation X teachers perceived extensive opportunity and a high level of satisfaction regarding empowerment strategies. Non-Generation X teachers indicated being highly empowered in the areas of recognition and professional development. There was a significant difference between the perceived opportunities and satisfaction level of Generation X and non-Generation X teachers in the areas of autonomy, recognition, professional treatment, reflection, communication and demonstration of expertise, collaboration, and decision making. Conclusions. Regarding the empowerment principles of professional status, knowledge in the field, and access to power, non-Generation X elementary school teachers have an overall greater sense of empowerment, opportunity, and satisfaction than Generation X elementary school teachers. Implications. To effectively lead schools on the path of continuous improvement, educational leaders must embrace the principle of teacher empowerment. Leaders need to explore the various components of empowerment that result in greater opportunities and satisfaction for all teachers. Teacher empowerment will enable leaders to utilize the knowledge, expertise, and gifts of all teachers to achieve school success.