Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that contribute to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, as perceived by elementary school custodians in San Bernardino County. Methodology. Descriptive research methods were used to conduct this qualitative study. Critical incident technique was employed for data collection. Data were analyzed through qualitative measures. Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman's (1959) Two Factor Theory of Motivation was used as the format for the study. Findings. Data indicate that elementary school custodians are satisfied with their work. Expressions of gratitude and appreciation contribute to job satisfaction. Verbal recognition and praise were cited as ways to increase job satisfaction. Although interpersonal relations are extrinsic and considered a hygiene factor, participants cited improved relationships, especially with supervisors, as a factor that would improve their level of satisfaction on the job. Custodians indicate that interpersonal relations with supervisors and superiors contribute to both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. Conclusions. Elementary school custodians take their jobs seriously and appear to have unique qualifications that allow them to complete the same work repetitively, each day without losing sight of the role they play in service to their school colleagues. The work itself, achievement, and recognition (appreciation) were reported to be valued over work conditions, job security, and status. Recommendations. (1) Provide opportunities for specific staff development based on job components. (2) Ensure opportunities to be involved with the development of master schedules at the school sites. (3) Review work schedules to ensure equitable distribution of tasks to increased job satisfaction. (4) Reduce micromanagement and increase levels of trust in performance of duties. (5) Follow through with monitoring of job performance and evaluation to support the custodial team. (6) Increase communication throughout the workplace. (7) Be strategic in effective planning for required and/or desired outcomes for task completion. (8) Consider optimal avenues for school custodians to be recognized for their contributions to the organization they serve.