Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the perceived value of influential relationships on the career success of managers. Males and females were compared, using gender as the independent variable, locus of control and self-esteem as moderator variables, with utilization, perceived success, and satisfaction as dependent variables. The study sought to identify the differences in the way male and female managers develop and utilize their psycho-social support systems, as well as their satisfaction with them. Self-esteem and locus of control measures were taken to determine possible influences on the dependent variables. The sample consisted of two sub-groups, divided by gender; and a profile was developed for each. A total of 98 male and female managers participated in the study. The subjects, who had similar characteristics, represented a broad spectrum of industries and professions. Both groups used extensive networks, had been mentored, and in turn, mentored others. Analysis of variance and chi-square applications identified significant differences between males and females on several aspects: more management experience for men; more upper level positions; more authority and influence. Men served more frequently as role models and mentors for the opposite sex, and earned more income. A difference in career planning and marital status was also found. Other important findings were that both groups had high self-esteem and an internal locus of control. Role models, mentors, and networks were perceived to be valuable by both male and female managers. Women were able to utilize external networks to compensate for the lack of support elsewhere. Although not statistically significant, the data suggested that self-esteem and locus of control influence both the use of psycho-social support systems, and satisfaction with them. The same variables appear to influence satisfaction with career achievement. Gender seemed to make a difference in the success of managers.